Global Signal Dispatching (Python recipe) by Patrick O'Brien

ActiveState Code (http://code.activestate.com/recipes/87056/)

"""Provides global signal dispatching services."""

__author__ = "Patrick K. O'Brien <pobrien@orbtech.com>"
__cvsid__ = "$Id: dispatcher.py,v 1.11 2001/11/16 15:22:54 pobrien Exp $"
__version__ = "$Revision: 1.11 $"[11:-2]

import exceptions
import types
import weakref


class DispatcherError(exceptions.Exception):
    def __init__(self, args=None):
        self.args = args


class _Any:
    pass

Any = _Any()

connections = {}
senders = {}


def connect(receiver, signal=Any, sender=Any, weak=1):
    """Connect receiver to sender for signal.
    
    If sender is Any, receiver will receive signal from any sender.
    If signal is Any, receiver will receive any signal from sender.
    If sender is None, receiver will receive signal from anonymous.
    If signal is Any and sender is None, receiver will receive any 
        signal from anonymous.
    If signal is Any and sender is Any, receiver will receive any 
        signal from any sender.
    If weak is true, weak references will be used."""
    if signal is None:
        raise DispatcherError, 'signal cannot be None'
    if signal is not Any:
        signal = str(signal)
    if weak: receiver = safeRef(receiver)
    senderkey = id(sender)
    signals = {}
    if connections.has_key(senderkey):
        signals = connections[senderkey]
    else:
        connections[senderkey] = signals
        # Keep track of senders for cleanup.
        if sender not in (None, Any):
            def remove(object, senderkey=senderkey):
                _removeSender(senderkey=senderkey)
            # Skip objects that can not be weakly referenced, which means
            # they won't be automatically cleaned up, but that's too bad.
            try:
                weakSender = weakref.ref(sender, remove)
                senders[senderkey] = weakSender
            except:
                pass
    receivers = []
    if signals.has_key(signal):
        receivers = signals[signal]
    else:
        signals[signal] = receivers
    try: receivers.remove(receiver)
    except ValueError: pass
    receivers.append(receiver)

def disconnect(receiver, signal=Any, sender=Any, weak=1):
    """Disconnect receiver from sender for signal.
    
    Disconnecting is not required. The use of disconnect is the same as for
    connect, only in reverse. Think of it as undoing a previous connection."""
    if signal is None:
        raise DispatcherError, 'signal cannot be None'
    if signal is not Any:
        signal = str(signal)
    if weak: receiver = safeRef(receiver)
    senderkey = id(sender)
    try:
        receivers = connections[senderkey][signal]
    except KeyError:
        raise DispatcherError, \
              'No receivers for signal %s from sender %s' % \
              (repr(signal), sender)
    try:
        receivers.remove(receiver)
    except ValueError:
        raise DispatcherError, \
              'No connection to receiver %s for signal %s from sender %s' % \
              (receiver, repr(signal), sender)
    _cleanupConnections(senderkey, signal)

def send(signal, sender=None, **kwds):
    """Send signal from sender to all connected receivers.
    
    Return a list of tuple pairs [(receiver, response), ... ].
    If sender is None, signal is sent anonymously."""
    signal = str(signal)
    senderkey = id(sender)
    anykey = id(Any)
    # Get receivers that receive *this* signal from *this* sender.
    receivers = []
    try: receivers.extend(connections[senderkey][signal])
    except KeyError: pass
    # Add receivers that receive *any* signal from *this* sender.
    anyreceivers = []
    try: anyreceivers = connections[senderkey][Any]
    except KeyError: pass
    for receiver in anyreceivers:
        if receivers.count(receiver) == 0:
            receivers.append(receiver)
    # Add receivers that receive *this* signal from *any* sender.
    anyreceivers = []
    try: anyreceivers = connections[anykey][signal]
    except KeyError: pass
    for receiver in anyreceivers:
        if receivers.count(receiver) == 0:
            receivers.append(receiver)
    # Add receivers that receive *any* signal from *any* sender.
    anyreceivers = []
    try: anyreceivers = connections[anykey][Any]
    except KeyError: pass
    for receiver in anyreceivers:
        if receivers.count(receiver) == 0:
            receivers.append(receiver)
    # Call each receiver with whatever arguments it can accept.
    # Return a list of tuple pairs [(receiver, response), ... ].
    responses = []
    for receiver in receivers:
        if type(receiver) is weakref.ReferenceType \
        or isinstance(receiver, BoundMethodWeakref):
            # Dereference the weak reference.
            receiver = receiver()
            if receiver is None:
                # This receiver is dead, so skip it.
                continue
        response = _call(receiver, signal=signal, sender=sender, **kwds)
        responses += [(receiver, response)]
    return responses

def _call(receiver, **kwds):
    """Call receiver with only arguments it can accept."""
    if type(receiver) is types.InstanceType:
        # receiver is a class instance; assume it is callable.
        # Reassign receiver to the actual method that will be called.
        receiver = receiver.__call__
    if hasattr(receiver, 'im_func'):
        # receiver is a method. Drop the first argument, usually 'self'.
        fc = receiver.im_func.func_code
        acceptable = fc.co_varnames[1:fc.co_argcount]
    elif hasattr(receiver, 'func_code'):
        # receiver is a function.
        fc = receiver.func_code
        acceptable = fc.co_varnames[0:fc.co_argcount]
    if not (fc.co_flags & 8):
        # fc does not have a **kwds type parameter, therefore 
        # remove unacceptable arguments.
        for arg in kwds.keys():
            if arg not in acceptable:
                del kwds[arg]
    return receiver(**kwds)

_boundMethods = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()

def safeRef(object):
    """Return a *safe* weak reference to a callable object."""
    if hasattr(object, 'im_self'):
        if object.im_self is not None:
            # Turn a bound method into a BoundMethodWeakref instance.
            # Keep track of these instances for lookup by disconnect().
            selfkey = object.im_self
            funckey = object.im_func
            if not _boundMethods.has_key(selfkey):
                _boundMethods[selfkey] = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
            if not _boundMethods[selfkey].has_key(funckey):
                _boundMethods[selfkey][funckey] = \
                BoundMethodWeakref(boundMethod=object)
            return _boundMethods[selfkey][funckey]
    return weakref.ref(object, _removeReceiver)

class BoundMethodWeakref:
    """BoundMethodWeakref class."""
    def __init__(self, boundMethod):
        """Return a weak-reference-like instance for a bound method."""
        self.isDead = 0
        def remove(object, self=self):
            """Set self.isDead to true when method or instance is destroyed."""
            self.isDead = 1
            _removeReceiver(receiver=self)
        self.weakSelf = weakref.ref(boundMethod.im_self, remove)
        self.weakFunc = weakref.ref(boundMethod.im_func, remove)
    def __repr__(self):
        """Return the closest representation."""
        return repr(self.weakFunc)
    def __call__(self):
        """Return a strong reference to the bound method."""
        if self.isDead:
            return None
        else:
            object = self.weakSelf()
            method = self.weakFunc().__name__
            return getattr(object, method)

def _removeReceiver(receiver):
    """Remove receiver from connections."""
    for senderkey in connections.keys():
        for signal in connections[senderkey].keys():
            receivers = connections[senderkey][signal]
            try: receivers.remove(receiver)
            except: pass
            _cleanupConnections(senderkey, signal)
            
def _cleanupConnections(senderkey, signal):
    """Delete any empty signals for senderkey. Delete senderkey if empty."""
    receivers = connections[senderkey][signal]
    if not receivers:
        # No more connected receivers. Therefore, remove the signal.
        signals = connections[senderkey]
        del signals[signal]
        if not signals:
            # No more signal connections. Therefore, remove the sender.
            _removeSender(senderkey)
            
def _removeSender(senderkey):
    """Remove senderkey from connections."""
    del connections[senderkey]
    # Senderkey will only be in senders dictionary if sender 
    # could be weakly referenced.
    try: del senders[senderkey]
    except: pass