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This package provides a decorator for tracing function and method calls in your applications. The tracing capabilities are managed through the logging package, and several mechanisms are provided for controlling the destination of the trace output.

It also provides functionality for adding decorators to existing classes or modules.

Python, 777 lines
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#! /usr/bin/env python
######################################################################
#  Copyright (c) by Kevin L. Sitze on 2011-01-23.
#  This code may be used pursuant to the MIT License.
######################################################################

"""This package provides facilities to attach decorators to classes or
modules (possibly recursively).  A tracing decorator is provided for
tracing function and method calls in your applications.

from decorators import *

@trace
def function(...):
    '''Output goes to <TT>logging.getLogger(__module__)</TT>,
    where <TT>__module__</TT> is the name of the module in which
    the function is defined.  If the current module is '__main__'
    then the root logger will be used.
    '''
    pass

@trace(logger)
def function(...):
    '''Output goes to the specified logger instance.
    '''
    pass

@trace("Logger")
def function(...):
    '''Output goes to the named logger instance.
    '''

class ClassName(object):
    '''Output goes to the ClassName logger.  If ClassName is
    not in the '__main__' module then the name of its module
    will be prefixed to the classname (separated by a dot).
    All methods on the class will be traced.
    '''
    __logger__ = loggerOrLoggerName # optional
    __metaclass__ = decorators.TraceMetaClass
    def method(...):
        pass

class PostDecorate(object):
    def method(...):
        pass
# attach a decorator to an existing class.
attach(trace(logger), PostDecorate)

You can also attach a decorator to an existing module.
"""

import inspect
import logging
import sys
import thread
import types

from functools import wraps
from itertools import chain

FunctionTypes = tuple(set((
    types.BuiltinFunctionType,
    types.FunctionType
)))

MethodTypes = tuple(set((
    types.BuiltinMethodType,
    types.MethodType,
    types.UnboundMethodType
)))

class _C(object):
    @classmethod
    def classMethod(klass): pass
    classMethodType = type(classMethod)

    @staticmethod
    def staticMethod(): pass
    staticMethodType = type(staticMethod)

    @property
    def propertyMethod(self): pass

ClassMethodType = _C.classMethodType
StaticMethodType = _C.staticMethodType
PropertyType = type(_C.propertyMethod)

CallableTypes = tuple(set((
    types.BuiltinFunctionType,
    types.FunctionType,
    types.BuiltinMethodType,
    types.MethodType,
    types.UnboundMethodType,
    ClassMethodType
)))

__all__ = (
    'ThreadLocal',
    'TraceMetaClass',
    'attach',
    'getFormatter',
    'setFormatter',
    'getLoggerFactory',
    'setLoggerFactory',
    'trace'
)

######################################################################
#  Utility functions
######################################################################

MAX_SIZE = 320
def chop(value):
    s = repr(value)
    if len(s) > MAX_SIZE:
        return s[:MAX_SIZE] + '...' + s[-1]
    else:
        return s

def loggable(obj):
    """Return "True" if the obj implements the minimum Logger API
    required by the 'trace' decorator.
    """
    if isinstance(obj, logging.getLoggerClass()):
        return True
    else:
        return ( inspect.isclass(obj) and
                 inspect.ismethod(getattr(obj, 'debug', None)) and
                 inspect.ismethod(getattr(obj, 'isEnabledFor', None)) and
                 inspect.ismethod(getattr(obj, 'setLevel', None)) )

######################################################################
#  LoggerFactory Property
######################################################################

_logger_factory = logging
def getLoggerFactory():
    """Retrieve the current factory object for creating loggers.
    The default is to use the logging module.
    """
    global _logger_factory
    return _logger_factory

def setLoggerFactory(factory):
    """Set a factory object for creating loggers.  This object must
    publish a method or class named 'getLogger' that takes a string
    parameter naming the logger instance to retrieve.  Logger objects
    returned by this factory must, at a minimum, expose the methods
    'isEnabledFor' and 'debug'.
    """
    global _logger_factory
    _logger_factory = factory

######################################################################
#  class PrependLoggerFactory
######################################################################

class PrependLoggerFactory(object):
    """This is a convenience class for creating new loggers for the
    "trace" decorator.  All loggers created via this class will have a
    user specified prefix prepended to the name of the logger to
    instantiate.
    """
    def __init__(self, prefix = 'trace'):
        """Construct a new "PrependLoggerFactory" instance that
        prepends the value \var{prefix} to the name of each
        logger to be created by this class.
        """
        self.__prefix = prefix.strip('.')

    @property
    def prefix(self):
        """The value to prefix to each logger created by this factory.
        """
        return self.__prefix
    @prefix.setter
    def prefix(self, value):
        self.__prefix = value.strip('.')

    def getLogger(self, name):
        return logging.getLogger('.'.join((self.__prefix, name)))

######################################################################
#  class ThreadLocal
######################################################################

class ThreadLocal(object):
    """Instances of this class provide a thread-local variable.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.__lock = thread.allocate_lock()
        self.__vars = dict()
        self.__init = None

    @property
    def value(self):
        with self.__lock:
            try:
                return self.__vars[thread.get_ident()]
            except KeyError:
                return self.__init
    @value.setter
    def value(self, value):
        with self.__lock:
            self.__vars[thread.get_ident()] = value

    @property
    def initialValue(self):
        with self.__lock:
            return self.__init
    @initialValue.setter
    def initialValue(self, value):
        with self.__lock:
            self.__init = value

######################################################################
#  Formatter functions
######################################################################

def _formatter_self(name, value):
    """Format the "self" variable and value on instance methods.
    """
    __mname = value.__module__
    if __mname != '__main__':
        return '%s = <%s.%s object at 0x%x>' % (name, __mname, value.__class__.__name__, id(value))
    else:
        return '%s = <%s object at 0x%x>' % (name, value.__class__.__name__, id(value))

def _formatter_class(name, value):
    """Format the "klass" variable and value on class methods.
    """
    __mname = value.__module__
    if __mname != '__main__':
        return "%s = <type '%s.%s'>" % (name, __mname, value.__name__)
    else:
        return "%s = <type '%s'>" % (name, value.__name__)

def _formatter_named(name, value):
    """Format a named parameter and its value.
    """
    return '%s = %s' % (name, chop(value))

def _formatter_defaults(name, value):
    return '[%s = %s]' % (name, chop(value))

af_self = _formatter_self
af_class = _formatter_class
af_named = _formatter_named
af_default = _formatter_defaults
af_unnamed = chop
af_keyword = _formatter_named

def getFormatter(name):
    """Return the named formatter function.  See the function
    "setFormatter" for details.
    """
    if name in ( 'self', 'instance', 'this' ):
        return af_self
    elif name == 'class':
        return af_class
    elif name in ( 'named', 'param', 'parameter' ):
        return af_named
    elif name in ( 'default', 'optional' ):
        return af_default
    elif name in ( 'anonymous', 'arbitrary', 'unnamed' ):
        return af_anonymous
    elif name in ( 'keyword', 'pair', 'pairs' ):
        return af_keyword
    else:
        raise ValueError('unknown trace formatter %r' % name)

def setFormatter(name, func):
    """Replace the formatter function used by the trace decorator to
    handle formatting a specific kind of argument.  There are several
    kinds of arguments that trace discriminates between:

    * instance argument - the object bound to an instance method.
    * class argument - the class object bound to a class method.
    * positional arguments (named) - values bound to distinct names.
    * positional arguments (default) - named positional arguments with
      default values specified in the function declaration.
    * positional arguments (anonymous) - an arbitrary number of values
      that are all bound to the '*' variable.
    * keyword arguments - zero or more name-value pairs that are
      placed in a dictionary and bound to the double-star variable.

    \var{name} - specifies the name of the formatter to be modified.

        * instance argument - "self", "instance" or "this"
        * class argument - "class"
        * named argument - "named", "param" or "parameter"
        * default argument - "default", "optional"
        * anonymous argument - "anonymous", "arbitrary" or "unnamed"
        * keyword argument - "keyword", "pair" or "pairs"

    \var{func} - a function to format an argument.
    * For all but anonymous formatters this function must accept two
      arguments: the variable name and the value to which it is bound.
    * The anonymous formatter function is passed only one argument
      corresponding to an anonymous value.
    * if \var{func} is "None" then the default formatter will be used.
    """
    if name in ( 'self', 'instance', 'this' ):
        global af_self
        af_self = _formatter_self if func is None else func
    elif name == 'class':
        global af_class
        af_class = _formatter_class if func is None else func
    elif name in ( 'named', 'param', 'parameter' ):
        global af_named
        af_named = _formatter_named if func is None else func
    elif name in ( 'default', 'optional' ):
        global af_default
        af_default = _formatter_defaults if func is None else func
    elif name in ( 'anonymous', 'arbitrary', 'unnamed' ):
        global af_anonymous
        af_anonymous = chop if func is None else func
    elif name in ( 'keyword', 'pair', 'pairs' ):
        global af_keyword
        af_keyword = _formatter_named if func is None else func
    else:
        raise ValueError('unknown trace formatter %r' % name)

######################################################################
#  Decorator: trace
######################################################################

__builtins = (
    '__import__(name,globals={},locals={},fromlist=[],level=-1)',
    'abs(number)',
    'all(iterable)',
    'any(iterable)',
    'apply(object,args=[],kwargs={})',
    'bin(number)',
    'callable(object)',
    'chr(i)',
    'cmp(x,y)',
    'coerce(x,y)',
    'compile(source,filename,mode,flags=0,dont_inherit=0)',
    'delattr(object,name)',
    'dir()',
    'divmod(x,y)',
    'eval(source,globals={},locals={})',
    'execfile(filename,globals={},locals={})',
    'filter(function,sequence)',
    'format(value,format_spec="")',
    'getattr(object,name)',
    'globals()',
    'hasattr(object,name)',
    'hash(object)',
    'hex(number)',
    'id(object)',
    'input(prompt=None)',
    'intern(string)',
    'isinstance(object,klass)',
    'issubclass(C,B)',
    'iter(collection)',
    'len(object)',
    'locals()',
    'map(function,sequence)',
    'max(iterable,key=None)',
    'min(iterable,key=None)',
    'next(iterator)',
    'oct(number)',
    'open(name,mode=0666,buffering=True)',
    'ord(c)',
    'pow(x,y,z=None)',
    'range()',
    'raw_input(prompt=None)',
    'reduce(function,sequence)',
    'reload(module)',
    'repr(object)',
    'round(number,ndigits=0)',
    'setattr(object,name,value)',
    'sorted(iterable,cmp=None,key=None,reverse=False)',
    'sum(sequence,start=0)',
    'unichr(i)',
    'vars()',
    'zip(sequence)'
)

__builtin_defaults = {
    '""': "",
    '-1': -1,
    '0' : 0,
    '0666': 0666,
    'False': False,
    'None': None,
    'True': True,
    '[]': list(),
    '{}': dict()
}

__builtin_functions = None
def __lookup_builtin(name):
    """Lookup the parameter name and default parameter values for
    builtin functions.
    """
    global __builtin_functions
    if __builtin_functions is None:
        builtins = dict()
        for proto in __builtins:
            pos = proto.find('(')
            name, params, defaults = proto[:pos], list(), dict()
            for param in proto[pos+1:-1].split(','):
                pos = param.find('=')
                if not pos < 0:
                    param, value = param[:pos], param[pos+1:]
                    try:
                        defaults[param] = __builtin_defaults[value]
                    except KeyError:
                        raise ValueError( 'builtin function %s: parameter %s: unknown default %r' % ( name, param, value ) )
                params.append(param)
            builtins[name] = ( params, defaults )
        __builtin_functions = builtins

    try:
        params, defaults = __builtin_functions[name]
    except KeyError:
        params, defaults = tuple(), dict()
        __builtin_functions[name] = ( params, defaults )
        print >>sys.stderr, "Warning: builtin function %r is missing prototype" % name
    return ( len(params), params, defaults )

_ = ThreadLocal()
_.initialValue = False

def trace(_name):
    """Function decorator that logs function entry and exit details.

    \var{_name} a string, an instance of logging.Logger or a function.

    Construct a function or method proxy to generate call traces.
    """
    def decorator(_func):
        """This is the actual decorator function that wraps the
        \var{_func} function for detailed logging.
        """

        def positional(name, value):
            """Format one named positional argument.
            """
            if name is __self:
                return af_self(name, value)
            elif name is __klass:
                return af_class(name, value)
            else:
                return af_named(name, value)

        def wrapper(*__argv, **__kwds):
            if not logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) or _.value:
                return _func(*__argv, **__kwds)

            try:
                _.value = True
                params = dict(co_defaults)
                params.update(__kwds)
                params.update(zip(co_varnames, __argv))

                position = [ positional(n, params.pop(n)) for n in co_varnames[:len(__argv)] ]
                defaults = [ af_default(n, params.pop(n)) for n in co_varnames[len(__argv):] ]
                nameless = ( af_unnamed(v) for v in __argv[co_argcount:] )
                keywords = ( af_keyword(n, params[n]) for n in sorted(params.keys()) )

                params = ', '.join(filter(None, chain(position, defaults, nameless, keywords)))
                # params = params.replace(', [', '[, ').replace('][, ', ', ')

                enter = [ pre_enter ]
                if params:
                    enter.append(' ')
                    enter.append(params)
                    enter.append(' ')
                enter.append(')')

                leave = [ pre_leave ]

                try:
                    logger.debug(''.join(enter))
                    try:
                        try:
                            _.value = False
                            result = _func(*__argv, **__kwds)
                        finally:
                            _.value = True
                    except:
                        type, value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
                        leave.append(' => exception thrown\n\traise ')
                        __mname = type.__module__
                        if __mname != '__main__':
                            leave.append(__mname)
                            leave.append('.')
                        leave.append(type.__name__)
                        if value.args:
                            leave.append('(')
                            leave.append(', '.join(chop(v) for v in value.args))
                            leave.append(')')
                        else:
                            leave.append('()')
                        raise
                    else:
                        if result is not None:
                            leave.append(' => ')
                            leave.append(chop(result))
                finally:
                    logger.debug(''.join(leave))
            finally:
                _.value = False

            return result

        ####
        #  decorator
        ####

        __self  = False
        __klass = False
        __rewrap = lambda x: x
        if type(_func) in FunctionTypes:
            # functions do not belong to a class.
            __cname = None
        elif type(_func) in MethodTypes:
            # im_self is None for unbound instance methods.
            # Assumption: trace is only called on unbound methods.
            if _func.im_self is not None:
                __rewrap = classmethod
                __cname = _func.im_self.__name__
                __klass = True
            else:
                __cname = _func.im_class.__name__
                __self  = True
            _func = _func.im_func
        else:
            # other callables are not supported yet.
            return _func
        __module = _func.__module__
        __fname  = _func.__name__

        # Do not wrap initialization and conversion methods.
        if __fname in ('__init__', '__new__', '__repr__', '__str__'):
            return __rewrap(_func)

        # Generate the Fully Qualified Function Name.

        __fqfn = list()
        if __module != '__main__':
            __fqfn.append(__module)
            __fqfn.append('.')
        if __cname is not None:
            __fqfn.append(__cname)
            __fqfn.append('.')
        __fqcn = ''.join(__fqfn)
        __fqfn.append(__fname)
        __fqfn = ''.join(__fqfn)

        if type(_name) in CallableTypes:
            logger = getLoggerFactory().getLogger(__fqfn)
        elif loggable(_name):
            logger = _name
        elif isinstance(_name, basestring):
            logger = getLoggerFactory().getLogger(_name)
        else:
            raise ValueError('invalid object %r: must be a function, a method, a string or an object that implements the Logger API' % _name)

        pre_enter = [ '>>> ' ]
        pre_enter.append(__fqfn)
        pre_enter.append('(')
        pre_enter = ''.join(pre_enter)

        pre_leave = [ '<<< ' ]
        pre_leave.append(__fqfn)
        pre_leave = ''.join(pre_leave)

        ####
        #  Here we are really mucking around in function internals.
        #  func_code is the low level 'code' instance that describes
        #  the function arguments, variable and other stuff.
        #
        #  func.func_code.co_argcount - number of function arguments.
        #  func.func_code.co_varnames - function variables names, the
        #      first co_argcount values are the argument names.
        #  func.func_defaults - contains default arguments

        try:
            code = _func.func_code
        except AttributeError:
            co_argcount , \
            co_varnames , \
            co_defaults = __lookup_builtin(_func.__name__)
        else:
            co_argcount = code.co_argcount
            co_varnames = code.co_varnames[:co_argcount]
            if _func.func_defaults:
                co_defaults = dict(zip(co_varnames[-len(_func.func_defaults):], _func.func_defaults))
            else:
                co_defaults = dict()
            if __klass:
                __klass = co_varnames[0]
            if __self:
                __self  = co_varnames[0]
        return __rewrap(wraps(_func)(wrapper))

    ####
    #  trace
    ####

    logging.basicConfig(level = logging.DEBUG)
    if type(_name) in CallableTypes:
        return decorator(_name)
    else:
        return decorator

######################################################################
#  attach: apply decorator to a class or module
######################################################################

def attachToProperty(decorator, klass, k, prop_attr, prop_decorator):
    if prop_attr is not None:
        setattr(klass, k, prop_attr)
        value = decorator(getattr(klass, k))
    else:
        value = None
    # Passing "None" to the property decorator causes the new property
    # to assume the original value of the associated attribute.
    return prop_decorator(value)

def attachToClass(decorator, klass, recursive = True):
    for k, v in klass.__dict__.iteritems():
        t = type(v)
        if t is types.FunctionType or t is ClassMethodType:
            setattr(klass, k, decorator(getattr(klass, k)))
        elif t is StaticMethodType:
            setattr(klass, k, staticmethod(decorator(getattr(klass, k))))
        elif t is PropertyType:
            value = getattr(klass, k)
            value = attachToProperty(decorator, klass, k, value.fget, value.getter)
            value = attachToProperty(decorator, klass, k, value.fset, value.setter)
            value = attachToProperty(decorator, klass, k, value.fdel, value.deleter)
            setattr(klass, k, value)
        elif recursive and inspect.isclass(v):
            attachToClass(decorator, v, recursive)

def attach(decorator, obj, recursive = True):
    """attach(decorator, class_or_module[, recursive = True])

    Utility to attach a \val{decorator} to the \val{obj} instance.

    If \val{obj} is a module, the decorator will be attached to every
    function and class in the module.

    If \val{obj} is a class, the decorator will be attached to every
    method and subclass of the class.

    if \val{recursive} is "True" then subclasses will be decorated.
    """
    if inspect.ismodule(obj):
        for name, fn in inspect.getmembers(obj, inspect.isfunction):
            setattr(obj, name, decorator(fn))
        for name, klass in inspect.getmembers(obj, inspect.isclass):
            attachToClass(decorator, klass, recursive)
    elif inspect.isclass(obj):
        attachToClass(decorator, obj, recursive)

######################################################################
#  class TraceMetaClass
######################################################################

class TraceMetaClass(type):
    """Metaclass to automatically attach the 'trace' decorator to all
    methods, static method and class methods of the class.
    """
    def __new__(meta, className, bases, classDict):
        klass = super(TraceMetaClass, meta).__new__(meta, className, bases, classDict)
        if classDict.has_key('__logger__'):
            hook = trace(classDict['__logger__'])
        else:
            hook = trace
        attachToClass(hook, klass, False)
        return klass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    logging.basicConfig(level = logging.DEBUG)
    logger = logging.root

    class Test(object):
        __logger__ = logger
        __metaclass__ = TraceMetaClass

        @classmethod
        def classMethod(klass):
            pass

        @staticmethod
        def staticMethod():
            pass

        __test = None
        @property
        def test(self):
            return self.__test
        @test.setter
        def test(self, value):
            self.__test = value

        def method(self):
            pass

    Test.classMethod()
    Test.staticMethod()
    test = Test()
    test.test = 1
    assert 1 == test.test
    test.method()

    class Test(object):
        @classmethod
        def classMethod(klass):
            pass

        @staticmethod
        def staticMethod():
            pass

        __test = None
        @property
        def test(self):
            return self.__test
        @test.setter
        def test(self, value):
            self.__test = value

        def method(self):
            pass

        def __str__(self):
            return 'Test(' + str(self.test) + ')'

    attach(trace(logger), Test)
    Test.classMethod()
    Test.staticMethod()
    test = Test()
    test.test = 1
    assert 1 == test.test
    test.method()
    print str(test)

    @trace(logger)
    def test(x, y, z = True):
        a = x + y
        b = x * y
        if z: return a
        else: return b

    test(5, 5)
    test(5, 5, False)

    setLoggerFactory(PrependLoggerFactory())

    @trace('main')
    def test(x, *argv, **kwds):
        """Simple test
        """
        return x + sum(argv)

    test(5)
    test(5, 5)
    test(5, 5, False)
    test(5, 5, False, name = 10)

    test( *xrange(50) )

    assert test.__doc__ == 'Simple test\n        '
    assert test.__name__ == 'test'

    myzip = trace('main')(zip)
    for i, j in myzip(xrange(5), xrange(5, 10)):
        print i, j

This package provides facilities to attach decorators to classes or modules (possibly recursively). A tracing decorator is provided for tracing function and method calls in your applications.

To use this module, save the code into a file named "decorators.py" in your python library path. Add one of the following import statements to your code.

from decorators import *
from decorators import trace

To trace a single function call add the "@trace" decorator to the function.

@trace
def function(...):
    pass

This trace decorator will send a log message to the debug log stream when function is called and when it returns (even if that return is a result of an exception). The logger itself is created using a logger factory (see decorators.getLoggerFactory in source code). The name of the logger is the concatenation of the module name and the function name, unless the module is '__main__' in which case only the function name is used.

You can also send the output of the trace decorator to a specific logger. This logger must be either a subclass of logging.Logger or it may be an instance of your own log class. To use your own class, you must expose the isEnabledFor and debug methods as published by the logging.Logger class.

@trace(logger)
def function(...):
    pass

You may optionally name the logger to use by passing the trace decorator a string instead of a logging object. This string will be passed unchanged to the getLogger method of the current LoggerFactory object (again, see decorators.getLoggerFactory).

@trace("Logger")
def function(...):
    pass

You can trace all methods on a class too. If the class is one your application owns, simply change its metaclass to decorators.TraceMetaClass. All methods on the class will automatically have the trace decorator applied.

class ClassName(object):
    __logger__ = loggerOrLoggerName # optional
    __metaclass__ = decorators.TraceMetaClass
    def method( self, ...):
        pass

Instance and class methods are handled specially by the trace decorator in that it understands the protocol that the first parameter is actually the instance or class object so that it can adjust the logging output slightly for these cases.

Note also the special __logger__ class variable that allows you to specify the logger name or object for this class.

If you need to trace a 3rd party class or module, you can attach the trace decorator to that class or module.

from 3rdPartyModule import AClass
attach(trace(my_logger_or_logger_name), AClass)

You can also attach a decorator to an existing module.

import 3rdPartyModule
attach(trace, 3rdPartyModule)

Notes and Bugs:

The package attempts to avoid infinite recursion scenarios by distinguishing between running application code and trace code. When trace code is executing and the trace decorator is entered the execution flow of the decorator will be short-circuited to the decorated function. To make this entry and exit detection thread safe I write a simple ThreadLocal class to track this information separately for different threads. ThreadLocal may be useful all on its own in your own threaded code (despite not automatically GC'ing values for threads that have exited).

While the __str__ and __repr__ methods on classes are never decorated by trace (even if explicitly decorated) infinite recursion through such methods can still occur. The __new__ and __init__ methods are likewise suppressed because attempting to log information about a class prior to its construction rarely leads to runnable code.

Tracing is inherently dangerous. If you need to trace 3rd party code the author of this module strongly suggests that you do so with a least-impact philosophy. Only decorate the specific function you need to observe. Don't decorate an entire class if a single method will do, don't decorate an entire module if a single class will do.

I've added code to "sort of handle" builtin (C-level) functions. This list is by no means comprehensive. If your application attempts to trace builtin functions found in Python packages you'll get a warning message for each function other than those already found in the __builtins__ module.

While I've made some effort at making sure that functions decorated with the trace decorator will remain thread safe if they were originally thread safe, the process of actually applying the trace decoration to functions is not an inherently thread safe process. What this means is that you should spawn threads in your application AFTER applying the trace decoration to those modules, classes and functions you wish to observe.

If you use logging.basicConfig to configure logging for your application, you are strongly encouraged to do this before using the trace decorator. This is because the decorator calls logging.basicConfig. This is likely a bug. It should delegate this to the factory (but the factory defaults to the logging module). In any case you can do this in your application code properly as follows:

# BEFORE importing any other module do this
import logging
logging.basicConfig(...)
import my_own_modules_here

If you want to send all trace output to a single logger, do this in your application

import logging
import decorators
trace = decorators.trace(logging.getLogger(my_logger_name))

@trace
def function(...): pass

By creating the trace decorator with a logger up front, it may make it easier for you to control your logging output. Another mechanism for centralizing control of the trace output is to construct a PrependLoggerFactory that adds a known value and a dot to the front of the name of each logger created by the trace descriptor. This allows your application to control all logging at a high level, as well as fine tuned control of logging over individual modules, classes or functions.

The name of this module is 'decorators' when 'observe' is probably a better name.

Changes:

This version has the formatting of various argument kinds broken out into separate functions. These functions may be changed under application control so that arguments in the trace output may be customized to increase or decrease the overall information level.

3 comments

Kevin L. Sitze (author) 13 years, 2 months ago  # | flag

The <TT> element is supposed to convert its contents to monospaced type. The Markdown syntax for doing this kind of thing is not obvious and I couldn't find it in a quick review of the documentation at http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax. This sucks and I'm sorry.

Kevin L. Sitze (author) 13 years, 2 months ago  # | flag

This is the result of running the above code on my machine:

ksitze@linux:python[1426]$ python --version
Python 2.6.6
ksitze@linux:python[1427]$ ./decorators.py
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.classMethod( klass = <type 'Test'> )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.classMethod
DEBUG:root:>>> staticMethod()
DEBUG:root:<<< staticMethod
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.test( self = <Test object at 0x774590>, value = 1 )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.test
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.test( self = <Test object at 0x774590> )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.test => 1
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.method( self = <Test object at 0x774590> )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.method
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.classMethod( klass = <type 'Test'> )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.classMethod
DEBUG:root:>>> staticMethod()
DEBUG:root:<<< staticMethod
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.test( self = <Test object at 0x774690>, value = 1 )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.test
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.test( self = <Test object at 0x774690> )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.test => 1
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.method( self = <Test object at 0x774690> )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.method
DEBUG:root:>>> Test.test( self = <Test object at 0x774690> )
DEBUG:root:<<< Test.test => 1
Test(1)
DEBUG:root:>>> test( x = 5, y = 5, [z = True] )
DEBUG:root:<<< test => 10
DEBUG:root:>>> test( x = 5, y = 5, z = False )
DEBUG:root:<<< test => 25
DEBUG:trace.main:>>> test( x = 5 )
DEBUG:trace.main:<<< test => 5
DEBUG:trace.main:>>> test( x = 5, 5 )
DEBUG:trace.main:<<< test => 10
DEBUG:trace.main:>>> test( x = 5, 5, False )
DEBUG:trace.main:<<< test => 10
DEBUG:trace.main:>>> test( x = 5, 5, False, name = 10 )
DEBUG:trace.main:<<< test => 10
DEBUG:trace.main:>>> test( x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 )
DEBUG:trace.main:<<< test => 1225
DEBUG:trace.main:>>> __builtin__.zip( sequence = xrange(5), xrange(5, 10) )
DEBUG:trace.main:<<< __builtin__.zip => [(0, 5), (1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8), (4, 9)]
0 5
1 6
2 7
3 8
4 9
Alan Plum 13 years, 1 month ago  # | flag

Kevin, the markdown syntax for inline code is the backtick (`). It works like underscores/asterisks for emphasis (i.e. place one on each side). It's the same character you use for inline execution in shell commands or database/table/field names in MySQL.