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What this recipe does:

Maps linux usb hid ioctls and related C structs to python; Call ioctls, make some sense of output. Prints all reports for the device with some info.

Works with python 2.4 (tested python 2.4.6 on linux amd64). Would need changes (e.g. print) for python 3.0. Might need changes (ioctl signed/unsigned "FIX") for newer python than tested.

Python, 213 lines
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#!/usr/bin/python
import struct, array, fcntl

class struxx:
  _fields = None
  _format = None
  _buffer = None
  def __init__(self):
    self.reset()

  def __len__(self):
    """binary represntation length, for fields, use __dict__ or something"""
    return struct.calcsize(self._format)

  def __iter__(self):
    return [getattr(self, field) for field in self._fields.split(";")].__iter__()

  def reset(self):
    for field in self._fields.split(";"):
      setattr(self, field, 0)
    self._buffer = array.array('B', [0]*len(self))

  def pack(self):
    self._buffer = array.array('B', struct.pack(self._format, *self))

  def unpack(self):
    rv = struct.unpack(self._format, self._buffer)
    for i in range(len(rv)):
      setattr(self, self._fields.split(";")[i], rv[i])

  def ioctl(self, fd, ioctlno):
    self.pack()
    rv = fcntl.ioctl(fd, ioctlno, self._buffer, True)
    self.unpack()
    return rv

class uint(struxx):
  _fields = "uint"
  _format = "I"
  def get_version(self, fd): return self.ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGVERSION)
  def get_flags(self, fd): return self.ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGFLAG)
  def set_flags(self, fd): return self.ioctl(fd, HIDIOCSFLAG)

class hiddev_devinfo(struxx):
  _fields = "bustype;busnum;devnum;ifnum;vendor;product;version;num_applications"
  _format = "IIIIhhhI"
  def get(self, fd): return self.ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGDEVINFO)

class hiddev_string_descriptor(struxx):
  _fields = "index;value"
  _format = "i256c"

  def reset(self):
    self.index = 0
    self.value = '\0'*256

  def pack(self):
    tmp = struct.pack("i", self.index) + self.value[:256].ljust(256, '\0')
    self._buffer = array.array('B', tmp)

  def unpack(self):
    self.index = struct.unpack("i", self._buffer[:4])
    self.value = self._buffer[4:].tostring()

  def get_string(self, fd, idx):
    self.index = idx
    return self.ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGSTRING)

class hiddev_report_info(struxx):
  _fields = "report_type;report_id;num_fields"
  _format = "III"
  def get_info(self, fd): return self.ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGREPORTINFO)

class hiddev_field_info(struxx):
  _fields = "report_type;report_id;field_index;maxusage;flags;physical;logical;application;logical_minimum;logical_maximum;physical_minimum;physical_maximum;unit_exponent;unit"
  _format = "I"*8+"i"*4+"II"
  def get_info(self, fd): return self.ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGFIELDINFO)

class hiddev_usage_ref(struxx):
  _fields = "report_type;report_id;field_index;usage_index;usage_code;value"
  _format = "I"*5+"i"

class hiddev_collection_info(struxx):
  _fields = "index;type;usage;level"
  _format = "I"*4
  def get_info(self, fd, index):
    self.index = index
    return self.ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGCOLLECTIONINFO)

class hiddev_event(struxx):
  _fields = "hid;value"
  _format = "Hi"

IOCPARM_MASK = 0x7f
IOC_NONE = 0x20000000
IOC_WRITE = 0x40000000
IOC_READ = 0x80000000

def FIX(x): return struct.unpack("i", struct.pack("I", x))[0]

def _IO(x,y): return FIX(IOC_NONE|(ord(x)<<8)|y)
def _IOR(x,y,t): return FIX(IOC_READ|((t&IOCPARM_MASK)<<16)|(ord(x)<<8)|y)
def _IOW(x,y,t): return FIX(IOC_WRITE|((t&IOCPARM_MASK)<<16)|(ord(x)<<8)|y)
def _IOWR(x,y,t): return FIX(IOC_READ|IOC_WRITE|((t&IOCPARM_MASK)<<16)|(ord(x)<<8)|y)

HIDIOCGVERSION         =_IOR('H', 0x01, struct.calcsize("I"))
HIDIOCAPPLICATION      =_IO('H', 0x02)
HIDIOCGDEVINFO         =_IOR('H', 0x03, len(hiddev_devinfo()))
HIDIOCGSTRING          =_IOR('H', 0x04, len(hiddev_string_descriptor()))
HIDIOCINITREPORT       =_IO('H', 0x05)
def HIDIOCGNAME(buflen): return _IOR('H', 0x06, buflen)
HIDIOCGREPORT          =_IOW('H', 0x07, len(hiddev_report_info()))
HIDIOCSREPORT          =_IOW('H', 0x08, len(hiddev_report_info()))
HIDIOCGREPORTINFO      =_IOWR('H', 0x09, len(hiddev_report_info()))
HIDIOCGFIELDINFO       =_IOWR('H', 0x0A, len(hiddev_field_info()))
HIDIOCGUSAGE           =_IOWR('H', 0x0B, len(hiddev_usage_ref()))
HIDIOCSUSAGE           =_IOW('H', 0x0C, len(hiddev_usage_ref()))
HIDIOCGUCODE           =_IOWR('H', 0x0D, len(hiddev_usage_ref()))
HIDIOCGFLAG            =_IOR('H', 0x0E, struct.calcsize("I"))
HIDIOCSFLAG            =_IOW('H', 0x0F, struct.calcsize("I"))
HIDIOCGCOLLECTIONINDEX =_IOW('H', 0x10, len(hiddev_usage_ref()))
HIDIOCGCOLLECTIONINFO  =_IOWR('H', 0x11, len(hiddev_collection_info()))
def HIDIOCGPHYS(buflen): return _IOR('H', 0x12, buflen)

HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT   =1
HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT  =2
HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE =3
HID_REPORT_TYPE_MIN     =1
HID_REPORT_TYPE_MAX     =3
HID_REPORT_ID_UNKNOWN =0xffffffff
HID_REPORT_ID_FIRST   =0x00000100
HID_REPORT_ID_NEXT    =0x00000200
HID_REPORT_ID_MASK    =0x000000ff
HID_REPORT_ID_MAX     =0x000000ff

def enum_reports(fd):
  for report_type in (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT,
                      HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT,
                      HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE):
    for i in range(HID_REPORT_ID_MAX+1):
      try:
        ri = hiddev_report_info()
        ri.report_type = report_type
        ri.report_id = i
        #print "trying", ri.__dict__
        ri.get_info(fd)
        print "%s(%s): %s fields" % ({1: 'input', 2:'output', 3:'feature'}.get(ri.report_type), ri.report_id, ri.num_fields)
        for field in range(ri.num_fields):
          fi = hiddev_field_info()
          fi.report_type = ri.report_type
          fi.report_id = ri.report_id
          fi.field_index = field
          fi.get_info(fd)
          print ", ".join(["%s:%s" % (key, fi.__dict__[key]) for key in fi.__dict__ if key not in ("report_type", "report_id", "_buffer") and fi.__dict__[key] ])
        #print report_info.__dict__
        print
      except IOError:
        pass


if __name__=="__main__":
#  name = ""
#  for name in globals():
#    if name.startswith("HID"):
#      if type(globals()[name]) == int:
#        print name, "\t%x" % globals()[name]

  f = open("/dev/usb/hiddev0", "r")
  tmp = uint()
  tmp.get_version(f)
  print "version 0x%x" % tmp.uint
  tmp.get_flags(f)
  print "flags 0x%x" % tmp.uint
  tmp.uint = 3
  tmp.set_flags(f)
  tmp.get_flags(f)
  print "flags 0x%x" % tmp.uint


  devinfo = hiddev_devinfo()
  devinfo.get(f)
  print "devinfo", devinfo.__dict__

  enum_reports(f)

def get_device_name(f):
  a = array.array('B', [0]*1024)
  fcntl.ioctl(f, HIDIOCGNAME(1024), a, True)
  print a

def get_some_strings(f):
  for i in range(-10000, 10000):
    try:
      string = hiddev_string_descriptor()
      string.get_string(f, i)
      print "string %s: %s", string.index, repr(string.value)
    except IOError:
      pass


def show_all_collections(f):
  for i in range(256):
    try:
      collection_info = hiddev_collection_info()
      collection_info.get_info(f, i)
      print "coll %s" % i, collection_info.__dict__
      print """
idnex: %(index)s
type:  %(type)s
level: %(level)s
usage: 0x%(usage)x""" % collection_info.__dict__
    except IOError:
      pass

1 comment

Dima Tisnek (author) 14 years, 8 months ago  # | flag

Further updates here in my blog, Pythonic Wisdom.