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An enigma for the chess fans is the problem of the Eight Queens, that demands the following one: it is possible to place eight queens in an empty chessboard in way that none is ' attacking ' some another one (that is, without that two queens are in the same line, the same column or the same diagonal line)?

Um enigma para os fãs de xadrez é o problema das Oito Rainhas, que exige o seguinte: é possível colocar oito rainhas em um tabuleiro de xadrez vazio de modo que nenhuma esteja 'atacando' alguma outra (isto é, sem que duas rainhas estejam na mesma linha, na mesma coluna ou na mesma diagonal)?

PS.: Texto retirado do livro: Java Como Programar, Sexta Edição, Capítulo: 15, Pagina: 580, Exercicio: 15.15, H. M. Deitel(Ditel & Associates, Inc.), P. J. Deitel(Deitel & Associates, Inc.).

Python, 226 lines
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#
#   Problem Of The Eight Queens <Problema das Oito Rainhas>.
#   Copyright (C) 2006 by Nycholas de Oliveira e Oliveira <nycholas@gmail.com>
#
#   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
#   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
#   as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
#   of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
#   <Este programa é software livre; você pode redistribuí-lo e/ou modificá-lo sob os
#   termos da Licença Pública Geral GNU conforme publicada pela Free Software Foundation;
#   tanto a versão 2 da Licença, como (a seu critério) qualquer versão posterior.>
#
#   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#   GNU General Public License for more details.
#
#   <Este programa é distribuído na expectativa de que seja útil, porém, SEM NENHUMA
#   GARANTIA; nem mesmo a garantia implícita de COMERCIABILIDADE OU ADEQUAÇÃO A UMA 
#   FINALIDADE ESPECÍFICA. Consulte a Licença Pública Geral do GNU para mais detalhes.>
#
#   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
#   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
#
#   <Você deve ter recebido uma cópia da Licença Pública Geral do GNU junto com este 
#   programa; se não, escreva para a Free Software Foundation, Inc., no endereço 59
#   Temple Street, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.>
#

#########################################################
# NOME        : Nycholas de Oliveira e Oliveira         #
# E-MAIL      : nycholas@gmail.com                      #
# ICQ         : 114965471                               #
# MSN         : o_lalertom@hotmail.com                  #
# JABBER      : nycholas@jabber.org                     #
# TALK        : nycholas@gmail.com                      #
# DESCRICAO   : Problema das Oito Rainhas               #
# LOCALIZACAO : Uberlândia - MG                         #
# LOCALIZACAO : Brasil                                  #
#########################################################

import random


class OitoRainhas:
	def __init__(self):
		print self.printBegin()
		self.run()
	
	def printBegin(self):
		p = \
		" + Problema das Oito Rainhas\n" \
		"  * Copyright (C) 2006 by Nycholas de Oliveira e Oliveira <nycholas@gmail.com>\n\n" \
		">> Para melhor visualizar o conteúdo impresso em tela, o terminal deve esta setado com a coluna em 42.\n"
		return p
		
	def printRainha(self):
		p = \
		"\n==========================================\n" \
		" + " + str(len(self.posRainha)) + " Rainha\n\n" \
		+ str(self.t)
		return p
		
	def printEnd(self):
		p = \
		"\n\n >> Nycholas de Oliveira e Oliveira - o_lalertom - nycholas@gmail.com"
		return p
		
	def setVars(self):
		self.TABULEIRO = \
		"########\n" \
		"########\n" \
		"########\n" \
		"########\n" \
		"########\n" \
		"########\n" \
		"########\n" \
		"########\n"
		self.VAZIO, self.ATAQUE, self.RAINHA = "#", "+", "*"
		self.posRainha, self.posValida = [], []
		self.t = [list(line) for line in self.TABULEIRO.splitlines()]
		self.posValida = self.setPosValida()
		
	def setPosValida(self):
		l = []
		for y in range(len(self.t)):
			for x in range(len(self.t)):
				l.append([x,y])
		return l
		
	def setRainha(self, x=0, y=0):
		if 0 <= x <= 7 and 0 <= y <= 7:
			if self.t[x][y] == self.VAZIO:
				self.t[x][y] = self.RAINHA
				self.posRainha.append([x, y])
				self.posValida.remove([x, y])
				self.moveX(x, y)
				self.moveY(x, y)
				self.moveXYDir(x, y)
				self.moveXYEsq(x, y)
				print self.printRainha()

	def moveX(self, x=0, y=0):
		if 0 <= x <= 7:
			if self.t[x][y] == self.RAINHA:
				i = (map(lambda x: x == self.RAINHA, self.t[x])).index(True)
				self.t[x][:i] = list(len(self.t[x][:i])*self.ATAQUE)
				self.t[x][i+1:] = list(len(self.t[x][i+1:])*self.ATAQUE)
				for i in range(len(self.t[x])):
					if self.t[x][i] == self.ATAQUE:
						try:
							self.posValida.remove([x, i])
						except ValueError:
							pass
				return True
			else:
				if self.moveX(x+1, y) or self.moveX(x-1, y): pass
				return False
				
	def moveY(self, x=0, y=0):
		if 0 <= y <= 7:
			if self.t[x][y] == self.RAINHA:
				for i in range(len(self.t)):
					if self.t[i][y] <> self.RAINHA:
						self.t[i][y] = self.ATAQUE
						try:
							self.posValida.remove([i, y])
						except ValueError:
							pass
				return True
			else:
				if self.moveY(x, y+1) or self.moveX(x, y-1): pass
				return False
				
	def moveXYDir(self, x=0, y=0):
		if 0 <= x <= 7 and 0 <= y <= 7:
			if self.t[x][y] == self.RAINHA:
				try:
					for i in range(len(self.t[x])):
						if 0 <= (x+i) < len(self.t[x]) and 0 <= (y+i) < len(self.t[x]):
							if self.t[x+i][y+i] <> self.RAINHA:
								self.t[x+i][y+i] = self.ATAQUE
								try:
									self.posValida.remove([x+i, y+i])
								except ValueError:
									pass
				finally:
					for i in range(len(self.t[x])):
						#print (x-i), (y-i), len(self.t[x])
						if 0 <= (x-i) < len(self.t[x]) and 0 <= (y-i) < len(self.t[x]):
							if self.t[x-i][y-i] <> self.RAINHA:
								self.t[x-i][y-i] = self.ATAQUE
								try:
									self.posValida.remove([x-i, y-i])
								except ValueError:
									pass
				return True
			else:
				if self.moveXYDir(x+1, y+1) or self.moveXYDir(x-1, y-1): pass
				return False
	
	def moveXYEsq(self, x=0, y=0):
		if 0 <= x <= 7 and 0 <= y <= 7:
			if self.t[x][y] == self.RAINHA:
				try:
					for i in range(len(self.t[x])):
						if 0 <= (x-i) < len(self.t[x]) and 0 <= (y+i) < len(self.t[x]):
							if self.t[x-i][y+i] <> self.RAINHA:
								self.t[x-i][y+i] = self.ATAQUE
								try:
									self.posValida.remove([x-i, y+i])
								except ValueError:
									pass
				finally:
					for i in range(len(self.t[x])):
						if 0 <= (x+i) < len(self.t[x]) and 0 <= (y-i) < len(self.t[x]):
							if self.t[x+i][y-i] <> self.RAINHA:
								self.t[x+i][y-i] = self.ATAQUE
								try:
									self.posValida.remove([x+i, y-i])
								except ValueError:
									pass
				return True
			else:
				if self.moveXYEsq(x+1, y-1) or self.moveXYEsq(x+1, y-1): pass
				return False
		
	def testVazio(self):
		r = False
		for i in range(8):
			if len(filter(lambda x: x == self.VAZIO, self.t[i])) > 0:
				r = True
			else:
				r = False
		return r
	
	def loop(self):
		try:
			for i in range(8):
				x = self.posValida[random.randrange(0, 7, 1)][0]
				y = self.posValida[random.randrange(0, 7, 1)][1]
				if [x, y] in self.posValida:
					self.setRainha(x, y)
				else:
					continue
		except IndexError:
			pass
		if len(self.posRainha) < 8 and self.testVazio() == True:
			self.loop()
			
	def run(self):
		self.setVars()
		self.setRainha()
		self.loop()
		if 0 <= len(self.posRainha) < 8 and self.testVazio() == False:
			self.run()
		else:
			print self.printEnd()

if __name__ == "__main__":
	oitoRainhas = OitoRainhas()

1 comment

Shalabh Chaturvedi 18 years, 2 months ago  # | flag

Using Generators. I'm not sure how the above solution works. Here is a solution I wrote a while back:

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/473832

Created by Nycholas Oliveira e Oliveira on Thu, 2 Feb 2006 (PSF)
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