The Unix tee commmand, when used in a command pipeline, allows you to capture the output of the preceding command to a file or files, while still sending it on to standard output (stdout) for further processing via other commands in a pipeline, or to print it, etc.
This recipe shows how to implement simple tee-like functionality via a Python class. I do not aim to exactly replicate the functionality of the Unix tee, only something similar.
More details and sample output here:
https://jugad2.blogspot.in/2017/03/a-python-class-like-unix-tee-command.html
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 | # tee.py
# Purpose: A Python class with a write() method which, when
# used instead of print() or sys.stdout.write(), for writing
# output, will cause output to go to both sys.stdout and
# the filename passed to the class's constructor. The output
# file is called the teefile in the below comments and code.
# The idea is to do something roughly like the Unix tee command,
# but from within Python code, using this class in your program.
# The teefile will be overwritten if it exists.
# The class also has a writeln() method which is a convenience
# method that adds a newline at the end of each string it writes,
# so that the user does not have to.
# Python's string formatting language is supported (without any
# effort needed in this class), since Python's strings support it,
# not the print method.
# Author: Vasudev Ram
# Web site: https://vasudevram.github.io
# Blog: https://jugad2.blogspot.com
# Product store: https://gumroad.com/vasudevram
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
from error_exit import error_exit
class Tee(object):
def __init__(self, tee_filename):
try:
self.tee_fil = open(tee_filename, "w")
except IOError as ioe:
error_exit("Caught IOError: {}".format(repr(ioe)))
except Exception as e:
error_exit("Caught Exception: {}".format(repr(e)))
def write(self, s):
sys.stdout.write(s)
self.tee_fil.write(s)
def writeln(self, s):
self.write(s + '\n')
def close(self):
try:
self.tee_fil.close()
except IOError as ioe:
error_exit("Caught IOError: {}".format(repr(ioe)))
except Exception as e:
error_exit("Caught Exception: {}".format(repr(e)))
def main():
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
error_exit("Usage: python {} teefile".format(sys.argv[0]))
tee = Tee(sys.argv[1])
tee.write("This is a test of the Tee Python class.\n")
tee.writeln("It is inspired by the Unix tee command,")
tee.write("which can send output to both a file and stdout.\n")
i = 1
s = "apple"
tee.writeln("This line has interpolated values like {} and '{}'.".format(i, s))
tee.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
'''
The error_exit function is as follows - put it into a separate file called
error_exit.py in the same folder as the tee.py program, on put it on your PYTHONPATH:
# error_exit.py
# Author: Vasudev Ram
# Web site: https://vasudevram.github.io
# Blog: https://jugad2.blogspot.com
# Product store: https://gumroad.com/vasudevram
# Purpose: This module, error_exit.py, defines a function with
# the same name, error_exit(), which takes a string message
# as an argument. It prints the message to sys.stderr, or
# to another file object open for writing (if given as the
# second argument), and then exits the program.
# The function error_exit can be used when a fatal error condition occurs,
# and you therefore want to print an error message and exit your program.
import sys
def error_exit(message, dest=sys.stderr):
dest.write(message)
sys.exit(1)
def main():
error_exit("Testing error_exit.\n")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
'''
|
This Python Tee class is meant to be used from within a Python program, as opposed to externally in a command pipeline, which is how the Unix tee is used. However, the end result is the same or similar.
The Unix approach to teeing is also possible in Python, though. That would be a completely different program, and would be used just as the Unix tee is - in a pipeline.
The Unix tee features of 1) the -a option (for append instead of overwrite the output file(s)) and 2) teeing output to multiple files, are not supported in this first version of tee.py. Adding them is straightforward.
More details and sample output here:
https://jugad2.blogspot.in/2017/03/a-python-class-like-unix-tee-command.html