import itertools
def alldifferent(k,n):
'''The probability that k random selections from n possibilities
are all different.'''
assert(k<=n)
nums = xrange(n,n-k,-1)
dens = itertools.repeat(n)
fracs = itertools.imap(lambda x,y: float(x)/y, nums,dens)
return reduce(float.__mul__, fracs)
def collide(k,n):
'''The probability that, in k random selections from n possibilities,
at least two selections collide.'''
return 1 - alldifferent(k,n)