from collections import namedtuple
from math import fsum
def map_reduce(data, mapper, reducer=None):
'''Simple map/reduce for data analysis.
Each data element is passed to a *mapper* function.
The mapper returns key/value pairs
or None for data elements to be skipped.
Returns a dict with the data grouped into lists.
If a *reducer* is specified, it aggregates each list.
>>> def even_odd(elem): # sample mapper
... if 10 <= elem <= 20: # skip elems outside the range
... key = elem % 2 # group into evens and odds
... return key, elem
>>> map_reduce(range(30), even_odd) # show group members
{0: [10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20], 1: [11, 13, 15, 17, 19]}
>>> map_reduce(range(30), even_odd, sum) # sum each group
{0: 90, 1: 75}
'''
d = {}
for elem in data:
r = mapper(elem)
if r is not None:
key, value = r
if key in d:
d[key].append(value)
else:
d[key] = [value]
if reducer is not None:
for key, group in d.items():
d[key] = reducer(group)
return d
Summary = namedtuple('Summary', ['n', 'lo', 'mean', 'hi', 'std_dev'])
def describe(data):
'Simple reducer for descriptive statistics'
n = len(data)
lo = min(data)
hi = max(data)
mean = fsum(data) / n
std_dev = (fsum((x - mean) ** 2 for x in data) / n) ** 0.5
return Summary(n, lo, mean, hi, std_dev)
if __name__ == '__main__':
from pprint import pprint
import doctest
Person = namedtuple('Person', ['name', 'gender', 'age', 'height'])
persons = [
Person('mary', 'fem', 21, 60.2),
Person('suzy', 'fem', 32, 70.1),
Person('jane', 'fem', 27, 58.1),
Person('jill', 'fem', 24, 69.1),
Person('bess', 'fem', 43, 66.6),
Person('john', 'mal', 25, 70.8),
Person('jack', 'mal', 40, 59.1),
Person('mike', 'mal', 42, 60.3),
Person('zack', 'mal', 45, 63.7),
Person('alma', 'fem', 34, 67.0),
Person('bill', 'mal', 20, 62.1),
]
def height_by_gender_and_agegroup(p):
key = p.gender, p.age //10
val = p.height
return key, val
pprint(persons) # upgrouped dataset
pprint(map_reduce(persons, lambda p: ((p.gender, p.age//10), p))) # grouped people
pprint(map_reduce(persons, height_by_gender_and_agegroup, None)) # grouped heights
pprint(map_reduce(persons, height_by_gender_and_agegroup, len)) # size of each group
pprint(map_reduce(persons, height_by_gender_and_agegroup, describe)) # describe each group
print(doctest.testmod())
Diff to Previous Revision
--- revision 8 2011-04-25 23:47:59
+++ revision 9 2011-05-15 16:46:55
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@
r = mapper(elem)
if r is not None:
key, value = r
- d.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
+ if key in d:
+ d[key].append(value)
+ else:
+ d[key] = [value]
if reducer is not None:
for key, group in d.items():
d[key] = reducer(group)
