Welcome, guest | Sign In | My Account | Store | Cart

Class for extracting and manipulating data from Microsoft Access - identifying tables, getting recordsets, iterating through the results, counting rows, getting field names, getting index information, deleting indexes, and adding and deleting relationships.

Python, 357 lines
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
"""
Enables you to interrogate an Access database, run queries, and get 
results.
ADODB = Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects reference
ADOX = Microsoft ADO Ext
Great reference for ADODB is:
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/data/mfc_database/ado/article.php/c4343/
Originally just an API wrapped around Douglas Savitsky's code at 
http://www.ecp.cc/pyado.html
Recordset iterator taken from excel.py in Nicolas Lehuen's code at 
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/440661
Handling of field types taken from Craig Anderson's code at 
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/104801
An alternative approach might be 
http://phplens.com/lens/adodb/adodb-py-docs.htm
v1.0.5 - added ability to add a primary-foreign table relationship
v1.0.4 - added ability to delete a relationship by name
v1.0.3 - add ability to delete a named index, and to 
    close (release) a table.
v1.0.2 - added Close method to connection (recordset 
    automatically closes self already)
v1.0.1 - added DOUBLE and reordered data const mappings
"""
#To get constant values, open Access, make sure ADODB and ADOX are references, 
#  open library, and look at globals
AD_OPEN_KEYSET = 1
AD_LOCK_OPTIMISTIC = 3
AD_KEY_FOREIGN = 2
AD_RI_CASCADE = 1
INTEGER = 'integer'
SMALLINT = 'smallint'
UNSIGNEDTINYINT = 'unsignedtinyint'
CURRENCY = 'currency'
DATE = 'date'
BOOLEAN = 'boolean'
TIMESTAMP = 'timestamp'
VARCHAR = 'varchar'
LONGVARCHAR = 'longvarchar'
SINGLE = 'single'
DOUBLE = 'double'

INDEX_UNIQUE = 'unique'
INDEX_NOT_UNIQUE = 'notunique'
INDEX_PRIMARY = 'indexprimary'
INDEX_NOT_PRIMARY = "indexnotprimary"

import win32com.client
#Must run makepy once - 
#see http://www.thescripts.com/forum/thread482449.html e.g. the following 
#way - run PYTHON\Lib\site-packages\pythonwin\pythonwin.exe (replace 
#PYTHON with folder python is in).  Tools>COM Makepy utility - select 
#library named Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects 2.8 Library (2.8) and 
#select OK. Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects Recordset 2.8 Library (2.8)

class AccessDb:
    "Interface to MS Access database"
    
    def __init__(self, data_source, user, pwd="''", mdw="''"):
        """Returns a connection to the jet database
        NB use .Close() to close (NB title case unlike closing a file)"""
        self.connAccess = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Connection')
        """DSN syntax - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/193332 and 
        http://www.codeproject.com/database/connectionstrings.asp?
        df=100&forumid=3917&exp=0&select=1598401"""
        DSN = """PROVIDER=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;DATA SOURCE=%s;
            USER ID=%s;PASSWORD=%s;Jet OLEDB:System Database=%s;""" % \
            (data_source, user, pwd, mdw)
        #print DSN
        try:
            self.connAccess.Open(DSN)
        except Exception:
            raise Exception, "Unable to open MS Access database " + \
                "using DSN: %s" % DSN
    
    def getConn(self):
        "Get connection"
        return self.connAccess
    
    def closeConn(self):
        "Close connection"
        self.connAccess.Close()
    
    def getRecordset(self, SQL_statement, dict=True):
        "Get recordset"
        return Recordset(self.connAccess, SQL_statement, dict=dict)
    
    def getTableNames(self):
        "Get list of tables.  NB not system tables"
        cat = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADOX.Catalog')
        cat.ActiveConnection = self.connAccess
        alltables = cat.Tables
        tab_names = []
        for tab in alltables:
            if tab.Type == 'TABLE':
                tab_names.append(tab.Name)
        return tab_names
    
    def getTables(self):
        "Get dictionary of table objects - table name is the key"
        tab_names = self.getTableNames()
        tabs = {}
        for tab_name in tab_names:
            tabs[tab_name] = Table(self.connAccess, tab_name)
        return tabs
    
    def runQuery(self, SQL_statement):
        "Run SQL_statement"
        cmd = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Command')
        cmd.ActiveConnection = self.connAccess
        cmd.CommandText = SQL_statement
        cmd.Execute()

    def deleteIndex(self, tab_name, idx_name):
        """
        Delete index by name.
        NB cannot delete an index if a table is locked.
        Or if it is part of a relationship (I would expect).  
        Release (close) it first.
        """
        cat = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADOX.Catalog')
        cat.ActiveConnection = self.connAccess
        index_coll = cat.Tables(tab_name).Indexes
        try:
            index_coll.Delete(idx_name)
        except Exception, e:
            raise Exception, "Unable to delete index - if table is " + \
                "locked, make sure you release (close) it first.  " + \
                "Orig error: " + str(e)
        cat = None
    
    def addRelationship(self, tab_foreign_name, tab_foreign_key, 
                        tab_primary_name, tab_primary_key,
                        rel_name, cascade_del=False, 
                        cascade_update=False):
        """
        Add primary table-foreign table relationship        
        """
        tabs = [tab_foreign_name, tab_primary_name]
        for tab in tabs:        
            if tab not in self.getTableNames():
                raise Exception, "Table \"%s\" is not in this database" \
                    % tab
        cat = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADOX.Catalog')
        cat.ActiveConnection = self.connAccess
        tbl_foreign = cat.Tables(tab_foreign_name)
        new_key = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADOX.Key')
        try:
            new_key.Name = rel_name
            new_key.Type = AD_KEY_FOREIGN
            new_key.RelatedTable = tab_primary_name
            new_key.Columns.Append(tab_foreign_key)
            new_key.Columns(tab_foreign_key).RelatedColumn = tab_primary_key
            if cascade_del:
                new_key.DeleteRule = AD_RI_CASCADE
            if cascade_update:
                new_key.UpdateRule = AD_RI_CASCADE
            tbl_foreign.Keys.Append(new_key)
        except Exception, e:
            raise Exception, "Unable to add relationship '%s'. " % \
                rel_name + "Orig error: %s" % str(e)
        finally:
            tbl_foreign = None
            cat = None
    
    def deleteRelationship(self, tab_foreign_name, rel_name):
        """
        Delete relationship by relationship name.
        Need name of "foreign" table.
        http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa164927(office.10).aspx
        """
        if tab_foreign_name not in self.getTableNames():
            raise Exception, "Table \"%s\" is not in this database" % \
                tab_foreign_name
        cat = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADOX.Catalog')
        cat.ActiveConnection = self.connAccess
        tbl_foreign = cat.Tables(tab_foreign_name)
        tbl_keys = [x.Name for x in tbl_foreign.Keys]
        if rel_name not in tbl_keys:
            raise Exception, "\"%s\" is not in " % rel_name + \
                "relationships for table \"%s\"" % tab_foreign_name
        tbl_foreign.Keys.Delete(rel_name)
        tbl_foreign = None
        cat = None
        

class Table():
    "MS Access table object with rs, name, and index properties"
    def __init__(self, connAccess, tab_name):
        self.connAccess = connAccess
        self.rs = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Recordset')
        try:
            self.rs.Open("[%s]" % tab_name, self.connAccess, AD_OPEN_KEYSET, 
                         AD_LOCK_OPTIMISTIC)
        except Exception, e:
            raise Exception, "Problem opening " + \
                "table \"%s\" - " % tab_name + \
                "orig error: %s" % str(e)
        self.name = tab_name
        self.indexes = self.__getIndexes()
    
    def getFields(self):
        "Get list of field objects"
        field_names = [field.Name for field in self.rs.Fields]
        fields = []
        for field_name in field_names:
            fields.append(Field(self.rs, field_name))        
        return fields
    
    def __getIndexes(self):
        "Get list of table indexes"
        cat = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADOX.Catalog')
        cat.ActiveConnection = self.connAccess
        index_coll = cat.Tables(self.name).Indexes
        indexes = []
        for index in index_coll:
            indexes.append(Index(index))
        return indexes
        cat = None
        
    def close(self):
        "Close table (releasing it)"
        self.rs.Close()
        
        
class Index():
    """MS Access index object with following properties: name, 
    index type (UNIQUE or not), primary or not, and index fields - 
    a tuple of index fields in index"""
    def __init__ (self, index):
        self.name = index.Name        
        if index.Unique:
            self.type = INDEX_UNIQUE
        else:
            self.type = INDEX_NOT_UNIQUE
        self.fields = []
        for item in index.Columns:
            self.fields.append(item.Name)
        if index.PrimaryKey:
            self.primary = INDEX_PRIMARY
        else:
            self.primary = INDEX_NOT_PRIMARY
    
class Field():
    "MS Access field object with name, type, and size properties"
    def __init__ (self, rs, field_name):
        self.name = field_name
        adofield = rs.Fields.Item(field_name)
        adotype = adofield.Type
        #http://www.devguru.com/Technologies/ado/quickref/field_type.html
        if adotype == win32com.client.constants.adInteger:
            self.type = INTEGER
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adSmallInt:
            self.type = SMALLINT
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adUnsignedTinyInt:
            self.type = UNSIGNEDTINYINT
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adSingle:
            self.type = SINGLE
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adDouble:
            self.type = DOUBLE
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adCurrency:
            self.type = CURRENCY
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adBoolean:
            self.type = BOOLEAN
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adDate:
            self.type = DATE
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adDBTimeStamp:
            self.type = TIMESTAMP
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adVarWChar:
            self.type = VARCHAR
        elif adotype == win32com.client.constants.adLongVarWChar:
            self.type = LONGVARCHAR
        else:
            raise "Unrecognised ADO field type %d" % adotype
        self.size = adofield.DefinedSize

def encoding(value):
    if isinstance(value,unicode):
        value = value.strip()
        if len(value)==0:
            return None
        else:
            return value.encode("mbcs") #mbcs is a Windows, locale-specific encoding
    elif isinstance(value,str):
        value = value.strip()
        if len(value)==0:
            return None
        else:
            return value 
    else:
        return value

class Recordset():
    "MS Access recordset created from a query"
    
    def __init__ (self, connAccess, SQL_statement, dict):
        self.rs = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Recordset')
        self.rs.CursorLocation = 3 #uses client - makes it possible to use RecordCount property
        self.rs.Open(SQL_statement, connAccess, AD_OPEN_KEYSET, 
                     AD_LOCK_OPTIMISTIC)
        self.dict = dict
 
    def getFieldNames(self):
        "Get list of field names"
        field_names = [field.Name for field in self.rs.Fields]
        return field_names
    
    def hasRows(self):
        "Does the recordset contain any rows?"
        try:
            self.rs.MoveFirst()
        except:
            return False
        return True
    
    def getCount(self):
        """
        Get record count - NB rs.CursorLocation had to be set to 
        3 (client) to enable this
        """
        try:
            return self.rs.RecordCount
        except:
            return 0
    
    def __iter__(self):
        " Returns a paged iterator by default. See paged()."
        return self.paged()
    
    def paged(self,pagesize=128):
        """ Returns an iterator on the data contained in the sheet. Each row
        is returned as a dictionary with row headers as keys. pagesize is
        the size of the buffer of rows ; it is an implementation detail but
        could have an impact on the speed of the iterator. Use pagesize=-1
        to buffer the whole sheet in memory.
        """
        try:
            field_names = self.getFieldNames()
            #field_names = [self.encoding(field.Name) for field in recordset.Fields]
            ok = True
            while ok:
                # Thanks to Rogier Steehouder for the transposing tip 
                rows = zip(*self.rs.GetRows(pagesize))                
                if self.rs.EOF:
                    # close the recordset as soon as possible
                    self.rs.Close()
                    self.rs = None
                    ok = False
                for row in rows:
                    if self.dict:
                        yield dict(zip(field_names, map(encoding,row)))
                    else:
                        yield(map(encoding, row))                
        except:
            if self.rs is not None:
                self.rs.Close()
                del self.rs
            raise

If you need to get data out of a Microsoft Access database using python, or run queries on the data, this class makes it easy. Using this class, it is possible to take data, and either work with it directly (e.g. producing HTML, csv, or XML output etc), or transfer it into MySQL, SQLite etc as fully indexed tables ready to go. Written by Grant Paton-Simpson, PSAL (www.p-s.co.nz)

2 comments

pathakbhooshan 14 years, 11 months ago  # | flag

Thank you for posting the above. Appreciate your help.

lgregg 13 years, 11 months ago  # | flag

I'm having issues using this and not sure what I'm doing wrong. Know it has been a while since this was posted. I have an access database that I currently have data in 2 tables that I need to clear out and then update with new data.

db = 'C:\Documents and Settings\gregg\My Documents\trace_11_10\cert level\cert_data2.mdb' conn = AccessDb(db,user='Admin',mdw='w')

systable = 'Sys_Req_to_SW_Req_new' - table name got this by first time running conn.getTables() swtable = 'SW_req_to_code_split_out' tables = Table(conn,systable) - needing to get the index I think so that I can use the delete Index conn.deleteIndex(systable,tables.index)

Getting the error on the tables line:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "c:\python26\lib\site-packages\spyder-1.0.0-py2.6.egg\spyderlib\widgets\externalshell\startup.py", line 35, in __traceit __t.run('execfile("{0}")'.format(filename)) File "C:\Python26\lib\trace.py", line 498, in run exec cmd in dict, dict File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "_gate_temp_0_Script1.py", line 388, in <module> tables = Table(conn,systable) File "_gate_temp_0_Script1.py", line 172, in __init__ "orig error: %s" % str(e) Exception: Problem opening table "Sys_Req_to_SW_Req_new" - orig error: Objects of type 'instance' can not be converted to a COM VARIANT