Popular recipes tagged "with"

Variable Abbreviations (Python)

2017-06-22T11:57:20-07:00

Python recipe 580807 by Alfe (abbreviations, contextmanager, variables, with).

One sometimes has nice long speaking names vor variables, maybe things like buildingList[foundIndex].height, but would like to address these in a shorter fashion to be used within a formula or similar where lots of longs names tend to confuse any reader trying to understand the formula. Physicists use one-letter names for a reason.

For this I wrote a small context provider which allows using short names instead of long ones:

with Abbr(h=buildingList[foundIndex].height, g=gravitationalConstant):
    fallTime = sqrt(2 * h / g)
    endSpeed = sqrt(2 * h * g)
print("Fall time:", fallTime)
print("End speed:", endSpeed)

For longer formulas this can reduce ugly multi-line expressions to clearly readable one-liners.

One could use this:

h = buildingList[foundIndex].height
g = gravitationalConstant
fallTime = sqrt(2 * h / g)
endSpeed = sqrt(2 * h * g)
del g, h
print("Fall time:", fallTime)
print("End speed:", endSpeed)

to achieve the same result, but

it would not look as clean and
the context provider solves the typical issues like cleanup on exception etc.

Just using local variables without cleanup (like above without the del statement) also is an option of course, but that would clutter the variable name space unnecessarily.

CAVEATS: The implementation of Abbr() is a hack. If used as intended and described here, it should work just fine, though. But the hackish nature forces me to mention some things: Since at compile time the compiler decides that the h and g in the example must be global variables (because they aren't assigned in the function), it produces byte code accessing global variables. The context provider changes the global variable structure to fill the needs. (Overridden already existing global variables of the same name get restored properly at context exit.) This means some things:

One cannot have a local variable of the same name in the frame surrounding the context manager.
Existing global variables are changed during the time of the context manager; so using names like sys or os for abbreviations might be a bad idea due to side-effects.

Decorator and context manager from a single API (Python)

2010-06-27T15:15:01-07:00

Python recipe 577273 by Michael Foord (contextmanager, context_manager, decorator, decorators, with, with_statement). Revision 12.

Create objects that act as both context managers and as decorators, and behave the same in both cases.

Works with Python 2.4 - 2.7 and Python 3. The tests require unittest2 or Python 3.2 to run. (And because the tests use the with statement they won't work with Python 2.4.)

Example:

from contextdecorator import ContextDecorator

class mycontext(ContextDecorator):

    def __init__(self, *args):
        """Normal initialiser"""

    def before(self):
        """
        Called on entering the with block or starting the decorated function.

        If used in a with statement whatever this method returns will be the
        context manager.
        """

    def after(self, *exc):
        """
        Called on exit. Arguments and return value of this method have
        the same meaning as the __exit__ method of a normal context
        manager.
        """

Both before and after methods are optional (but providing neither is somewhat pointless). See the tests for more usage examples.

POSIX context manager to temporarily silence, or filter lines from stdout (Python)

2010-03-03T06:17:23-08:00

Python recipe 577083 by pwaller (contextmanager, freopen, silence, stdout, with). Revision 2.

Fed up with libraries you don't have control over emitting text into your precious stdout?

If they use stdout through python, then you can just change sys.stdout to be something else. If they are printing directly to stdout through a C module, or some other means, then you are stuck.

.. at least until you discover the with silence(): block!

Caveats: Non-portable, tested only on 2.6 under Linux, uses threading.

Example output:

$ python silence_file.py 
Before with block..
Sensible stuff!
After the silence block