http://code.activestate.com/recipes/tags/np_complete/top/2009-10-27T00:27:14-07:00ActiveState Code Recipes2009-04-20T06:31:13-07:00Agnius Vasiliauskashttp://code.activestate.com/recipes/users/4169134/http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576645-evolution-optimization-strategy/

<p style="color: grey"> Python recipe 576645 by <a href="/recipes/users/4169134/">Agnius Vasiliauskas</a> (<a href="/recipes/tags/ai/">ai</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/evolution/">evolution</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/evolution_strategy/">evolution_strategy</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/gene/">gene</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/genetic_algorithm/">genetic_algorithm</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/np_complete/">np_complete</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/optimization/">optimization</a>). Revision 6. </p> <p>Algorithm for solving search and optimization problems.</p>

2009-10-27T00:27:14-07:00Jai Vikram Singh Vermahttp://code.activestate.com/recipes/users/4171450/http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576937-partition-problem-and-natural-selection/

<p style="color: grey"> Python recipe 576937 by <a href="/recipes/users/4171450/">Jai Vikram Singh Verma</a> (<a href="/recipes/tags/approximate_solution/">approximate_solution</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/complete/">complete</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/crossover/">crossover</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/easiest_hard_problem/">easiest_hard_problem</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/generations/">generations</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/genetic_algorithms/">genetic_algorithms</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/natural_selection/">natural_selection</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/np/">np</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/np_complete/">np_complete</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/np_hard/">np_hard</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/optimal_solution/">optimal_solution</a>, <a href="/recipes/tags/partition_problem/">partition_problem</a>). Revision 4. </p> <p>Partition problem From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</p> <p>In computer science, the partition problem is an NP-complete problem. The problem is to decide whether a given multiset of integers can be partitioned into two "halves" that have the same sum. More precisely, given a multiset S of integers, is there a way to partition S into two subsets S1 and S2 such that the sum of the numbers in S1 equals the sum of the numbers in S2? The subsets S1 and S2 must form a partition in the sense that they are disjoint and they cover S. The optimization version asks for the "best" partition, and can be stated as: Find a partition into two subsets S1,S2 such that max(sum(S_1), sum(S_2)) is minimized (sometimes with the additional constraint that the sizes of the two sets in the partition must be equal, or differ by at most 1).</p> <p>The partition problem is equivalent to the following special case of the subset sum problem: given a set S of integers, is there a subset S1 of S that sums to exactly t /2 where t is the sum of all elements of S? (The equivalence can be seen by defining S2 to be the difference S − S1.) Therefore, the pseudo-polynomial time dynamic programming solution to subset sum applies to the partition problem as well.</p> <p>Although the partition problem is NP-complete, there are heuristics that solve the problem in many instances, either optimally or approximately. For this reason, it has been called the "The Easiest Hard Problem" by Brian Hayes.</p>